Shirley Tillotson. Give and Take: The Citizen-Taxpayer and the Rise of Canadian Democracy; David Tough. The Terrific Engine: Income Taxation and the Modernization of the Canadian Political Imaginary.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nearly forty years ago, historians Geoff Ely and Keith Nield asked, “Why does social history ignore politics?” (Ely and Keith, “Why Does Social History Ignore Politics?,” Social History 5, no. 2 [May 1980]: 249–271). The problem, as they saw it, was that historians of the working class had spent so much time examining work, culture, and experience—the everyday, the particular—that they had neglected not only traditional questions of political history, like leadership and institutions, but more avant-garde problems related to the “character of the state and its penetrations even of everyday life” (here 263). Ely and Nield were not the first to raise this general concern. Nor were they the last. Could the “bottom-up” methods and perspectives of social historians produce a “new political history”? In the Canadian context, which is less familiar to readers of this journal, it is difficult to avoid the contributions of historian Ian McKay in this regard. His 2000 article “The Liberal Order Framework” argued that the historical evolution of liberalism as a “project of rule” provides the theoretical and empirical orientation necessary to draw social and political history into a productive and all-encompassing problematique (McKay, “The Liberal Order Framework: A Prospectus for a Reconnaissance of Canadian History,” The Canadian Historical Review 81, no. 4 [December 2000]: 616–645, here 621). McKay’s piece is likely the most cited essay ever published by the CHR. In both the U.S. and Canada, scholarly interest in the general question posed by Ely and Nield and taken up by others like McKay has spanned a variety of fields and time periods, and it has reinvigorated the history of political ideas, institutions, parties, policies, and elites, to name but a few themes. Census taking, border making, and—as this review suggests—tax collecting have never been so interesting.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".