Migraine headache and high tension glaucoma among adult population living in Armenia: a case‐control study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose Glaucoma is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness and the second leading cause of blindness globally. This study assessed the association between migraine headaches and high tension glaucoma among adult population living in Armenia. Methods This case‐control study recruited 145 cases and 250 controls from Optomed Canada Eye Diagnostic Center (OCEDC) in Armenia. Cases were patients with glaucoma, while controls were patients with no glaucoma and no other ocular disorders except refractive errors. A structured interviewer‐administered questionnaire contained socio‐demographic questions, family history of glaucoma and stroke, smoking status, migraine and obstructive sleep apnea. The details on ocular health were retrieved from patients’ medical records. This study used Migraine Screening Questionnaire for assessment of possible migraine and Berlin Questionnaire to assess obstructive sleep apnea. Results Mean age of cases and controls was 62.8 (SD = 12.6) and 39.5 (SD = 13.5), respectively. Women comprised 64.1% of cases and 69.1% of controls in the sample. About 17.5% of cases and 19.0% of controls were identified having possible migraine. In the adjusted analysis age (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10; 1.19), having average and lower than average socio‐economic status (OR = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.04; 11.4) and family history of glaucoma (OR = 3.96; 95% CI: 1.56; 10.1) were significantly associated with glaucoma. Conclusion This study found no statistically significant association between migraine headache and high tension glaucoma. Due to the limited number of cases with normal tension glaucoma in the sample, the study could not assess its associations with migraine. Timely screenings for eye pathologies among those with average/low socio‐economic status could facilitate early detection of eye diseases and help to prevent visual loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".