Measurement and correlations of <i>K</i> and <i>V</i>s anisotropy of granular soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (K0) and stress-dependent shear wave velocity (Vs) of granular soils under one-dimensional compression loading were measured using a modified floating wall consolidometer-type bender element testing system. The Vs of the granular soils was monitored through paired bender elements installed in the floating wall and on top and base platens, and the Vs anisotropy of the soils was investigated by comparing the Vs values in three orthogonal directions. Granular materials such as glass beads (GB) and Ottawa sand with different shapes and sizes were adopted and the effects of particle shape and size and stress level on K0 and Vs anisotropy were discussed. From the laboratory observations, K0 was found to be dependent on the particle shape and surface roughness. The anisotropic stress state was found to play a major role in governing the Vs anisotropy of the GB; however, the Vs anisotropy of the sand resulted from the inherent geometry/fabric anisotropy and manifested by the anisotropic stress state. In addition, the degree of cross-anisotropy was defined and used to evaluate the cross-anisotropic properties of the geomaterials.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".