Submicrometric absolute positioning of flat reflective surfaces using Michelson interferometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a Target Positioning Interferometer (TPI), a system that uses variations of the wavefront curvature to position solid reflective surfaces with submicrometric precision. The TPI is a Michelson interferometer into which a lens is inserted in the target arm and the mirror of the reference arm is slightly tilted. The TPI configuration presented in this work allows us to position the surface of a reflective target on a beam focus within an uncertainty of 350 nm (2σ) in a subsecond timeframe, using a lens with a numerical aperture of NA = 0.20. We support our experimental findings with numerical simulations of the interference pattern using the ABCD matrices' method, allowing us to define scaling laws for using the TPI with different optics and environments, as well as suggestions to improve the TPI accuracy and adapt the system to different applications. This system is very well suited for accurate and repeatable target positioning used in laser-driven ion acceleration, where a precise alignment is key to optimize the proton acceleration mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".