Dipolar Substitution Impacts Growth and Electronic Properties of <i>Para</i>‐Sexiphenyl Thin Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract It is shown that fluorination of para‐sexiphenyl (6P) at the meta‐ or ortho‐positions of one terminal phenyl ring, as well as the addition of a terminal cyano‐group has an eminent impact on both growth and electronic properties of thin films. X‐ray diffraction techniques indicate that films of meta‐substituted 6P (m‐2F‐6P) develop a smooth, layered structure showing crystalline order within the layers only. Contrary, both ortho‐substituted (o‐2F‐6P) and cyano‐substituted 6P (CN‐6P) form films of 3D crystalline order. The correlation of structural information with data from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that m‐2F‐6P and CN‐6P do not show preferentially oriented dipoles in the film, while o‐2F‐6P grows with collective downward orientation of the dipole moments. The subtle difference in substitution position has a dramatic impact on the thin‐film ionization energy, which increases from 5.40 (ortho) to 6.80 eV (meta) and reaches even 7.50 eV for CN‐6P. The present study shows that nonsymmetric substitution, which induces molecular dipole moments via intramolecular polar bonds, strongly impacts structure, morphology, and electronic properties of thin films. Thusly modifying common conjugated organic materials represents a valuable tool to establish smooth, crystalline layers with altered energetics at hetero‐interfaces with organic or electrode materials in electronic devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".