Direction of Arrival Estimation of GPS Narrowband Jammers Using High-Resolution Techniques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
GPS jamming is a considerable threat to applications that rely on GPS position, velocity, and time. Jamming detection is the first step in the mitigation process. The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of jamming signals is affected by resolution. In the presence of multiple jamming sources whose spatial separation is very narrow, an incorrect number of jammers can be detected. Consequently, mitigation will be affected. The ultimate objective of this research is to enhance GPS receivers' anti-jamming abilities. This research proposes an enhancement to the anti-jamming detection ability of GPS receivers that are equipped with a uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform circular array (UCA). The proposed array processing method utilizes fast orthogonal search (FOS) to target the accurate detection of the DOA of both single and multiple in-band CW jammers. Its performance is compared to the classical method and MUSIC. GPS signals obtained from a Spirent GSS6700 simulator and CW jamming signals were used. The proposed method produces a threefold advantage, higher accuracy DOA estimates, amplitudes, and a correct number of jammers. Therefore, the anti-jamming process can be significantly improved by limiting the erroneous spatial attenuation of GPS signals arriving from an angle close to the jammer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".