Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article considers Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment as the subtle elaboration of a complete Christian eschatology. Through the relationship of the two principal protagonists, Raskolnikov and Sonia, readers are drawn into the enigma and lack of closure at the end which is either frustrating or fulfilling, depending on readers’ understanding of the Christian doctrine of eschatology. For it is “The Four Last Things” (Death, Judgment, Heaven, Hell) that underpin and orient the entire narrative, particularly as they are refracted through the experiences of the two deliberately opposite characters. In his creation of Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky certainly succeeds in conveying all the horrors of Hell (before dying); but it is his creation of Sonia ‒ especially as intimated earlier in Winter Notes on Summer Impressions ‒ that Dostoevsky succeeds in suggesting the greater abiding powers of Heaven to quietly and mysteriously heal. Crime and Punishment is thus proposed as an enduring artistic triumph because of its deep underlying sense of a specifically Christian call to ontological consciousness, following as it does in the footsteps of earlier Christian writers such as Dante and Bunyan, who had equally understood the crucial necessity of female wisdom leading the male pilgrim back to his home in the heart of God.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".