A finite‐element time‐domain forward‐modelling algorithm for transient electromagnetics excited by grounded‐wire sources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT A three‐dimensional finite‐element time‐domain forward‐modelling algorithm is developed to simulate transient electromagnetics excited by grounded‐wire sources. The main advantage of this finite‐element time‐domain algorithm is that full transmitting‐current waveforms and complex‐shaped sources resulting from topography can be directly dealt with in this algorithm. The models used to test this algorithm include a homogeneous half‐space model, a stratified‐medium model, the model of a complex conductor at a vertical contact and the Ovoid Zone massive sulfide deposit at Voisey's Bay, Canada. The homogeneous half‐space model is used to determine the truncation boundary for a computational domain, and to compare with the electromagnetic responses excited by step‐off, step‐on and direct current waveforms. For the stratified‐medium model, results demonstrate that full transmitting waveforms have strong effects on the observed electromagnetic responses. The model of a complex conductor at a vertical contact is designed for the grounded electrical source airborne transient electromagnetic method and is also used to examine the effectiveness of the broadside and inline configurations for such a vertical, thin plate embedded in the subsurface. The area of the Ovoid Zone massive sulfide deposit possesses non‐negligible topography, the effects of which on the shapes of the grounded‐wire sources must be taken into account when implementing the finite‐element time‐domain solver. The results show that both the broadside and inline electromagnetic responses are strongly affected by the massive conductive ore body.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".