First Report of Mango Leaf Anthracnose Caused by <i>Colletotrichum asianum</i> in Vietnam

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 5First Report of Mango Leaf Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum asianum in Vietnam PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Mango Leaf Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum asianum in VietnamQili Li, Juan Shu, Lihua Tang, Suiping Huang, Tangxun Guo, Jianyou Mo, Ping Ning, and Tom HsiangQili Lihttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5775-8910Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, Juan ShuInstitute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, Lihua Tanghttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-0166Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, Suiping Huanghttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-3487Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, Tangxun Guo†Corresponding authors: T. Guo; E-mail Address: guotangxun@gxaas.net and J. Mo; E-mail Address: mojianyou@gxaas.netInstitute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, Jianyou Mo†Corresponding authors: T. Guo; E-mail Address: guotangxun@gxaas.net and J. Mo; E-mail Address: mojianyou@gxaas.netInstitute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, Ping NingGuangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, and Tom HsiangEnvironmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Qili Li1 Juan Shu1 Lihua Tang1 Suiping Huang1 Tangxun Guo1 † Jianyou Mo1 † Ping Ning2 Tom Hsiang3 1Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China 2Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China 3Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Published Online:4 Mar 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1830-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an economically important fruit crop. Vietnam is one of the top 20 mango-producing countries in the world with a production of 314,000 t in 2004 and a plantation area of 79,000 ha (Hoa et al. 2010). Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most common diseases of mango and can cause significant losses to yield and quality. Leaf anthracnose symptoms were observed on >90% of 30 trees on the Hanoi Agricultural University campus with up to 30% of the leaves per tree being affected. The disease was also observed in some mango orchards in Hanoi, Vietnam. Symptoms appeared as irregularly shaped, black, necrotic spots on both sides of the leaf. Lesions then merged and enlarged along the leaf margin on young leaves. Twig dieback was also observed. Diseased leaves of three mango trees with typical anthracnose symptoms were collected from the campus of Hanoi Agricultural University, in April 2018. Diseased leaves were cut into 5 × 5-mm pieces, disinfected with 75% (v/v) alcohol for 10 s followed by 2% (v/v) NaOCl for 1 min, and then rinsed three times in sterile distilled water. Cut pieces were placed on the surface of PDA and incubated under constant fluorescent light at 25°C. Forty-five colonies with similar morphology were recovered from diseased leaves from three trees. The colonies were white to gray, and olivaceous in reverse, after 7 days at 25°C. Conidia were cylindrical, single celled, hyaline, measuring 12.3 to 18.6 × 3.9 to 6.6 μm (average 15.8 × 5.3 μm). For molecular identification, three representative isolates (VN4-1, VN4-2, and VN4-5) were selected to sequence the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), chitin synthase (CHS-1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-tubulin (TUB2), and the Apn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer and partial mating type (Mat1-2) gene (ApMat) using primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, ACT-512F/ACT-783R, CL1C/CL2C, CHS-79F/CHS-345R, GDF1/GDR1, T1/Bt-2b, and AMF1/AMR1 (Fu et al. 2019; Liu et al. 2015), respectively. The sequences were compared with type sequences in GenBank, and the results showed the ITS (MN272368 to MN272370), ACT (MN368863 to MN368865), CAL (MN368869 to MN368871), CHS-1 (MN368872 to MN368874), GAPDH (MN384264 to MN384266), TUB2 (MN368866 to MN368868), and ApMat (MN384267 to MN384269) sequences were 99 to 100% identical with the type strain of Colletotrichum asianum ICMP 18580 (FJ972612, JX009584, FJ917506, JX009867, JX010053, JX010406, and FR718814). Based on morphology and DNA sequencing, the causal agent was identified as C. asianum. A pathogenicity test was carried out with the three isolates on young leaves of 1-year-old mango (cv. Tainong) plants in a greenhouse in Nanning, Guangxi, China, in 2018. Sterile filter paper pieces (5 mm diameter) were immersed in a conidial suspension of 106 spores/ml for 1 min. The filter paper pieces containing spores were placed on unwounded young healthy leaves, with four pieces of filter paper per leaf and two leaves for each plant. In total, eight leaves from four plants were inoculated for each of the three isolates. Filter paper pieces soaked with sterile distilled water were placed on young healthy leaves as controls. All leaves were then sprayed lightly with water and sealed in plastic bags. Typical symptoms were observed on all inoculated leaves after 1 week at 28°C, whereas no symptoms were observed on control leaves. The pathogenicity test was repeated once. The fungus was reisolated from symptomatic leaves as described above, thus completing Koch's postulates. C. asianum has been reported as a pathogen on a variety of crops such as mango, tomato, and coffee (Weir et al. 2012). However, this is the first report of C. asianum associated with mango leaf anthracnose in Vietnam. This research will provide foundation for further studies on the epidemiology of anthracnose caused by C. asianum on mango and on prevention and management strategies for this crop in Vietnam.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Fu, M., et al. 2019. Persoonia 42:1. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.01 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHoa, T. T., et al. 2010. Fruits 65:237. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2010019 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLiu, F., et al. 2015. Persoonia 35:63. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687597 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWeir, B. S., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:115. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0011 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 31600029 and 31560526) and the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (grant nos. 2016GXNSFCB380004 and 2017GXNSFBA198218).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 5 May 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptoms observed in the field on zucchini plants caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae (A. Pérez-Hernández et al.). Photo credit: J. M. Gómez-Vázquez. Peach tree with excavated root collar (S. B. Miller et al.). Photo credit: G. Schnabel. Metrics Downloaded 1,828 times Article History Issue Date: 3 May 2020Published: 4 Mar 2020First Look: 20 Dec 2019Accepted: 17 Dec 2019 Pages: 1558-1558 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 31600029Grant/Award Number: 31560526Guangxi Natural Science FoundationGrant/Award Number: 2016GXNSFCB380004Grant/Award Number: 2017GXNSFBA198218KeywordsColletotrichum asianumMangifera indicaleaf spotThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByFirst Report of Colletotrichum siamense causing Anthracnose on White Frangipani (Plumeria alba L.) in MalaysiaSiti Izera Ismail, Nur Liyana Mohmad Zaiwawi, Sumaiyah Abdullah, Syari Jamian, and Norsazilawati Saad15 April 2021 | Plant Disease, Vol. 0, No. jaBiocontrol Mechanisms of Trichoderma koningiopsis PSU3-2 against Postharvest Anthracnose of Chili Pepper7 April 2021 | Journal of Fungi, Vol. 7, No. 4

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