The Risk Factors for Asymptomatic Pyuria Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Diabetic patients often develop urinary tract infections (UTI). Diabetic patients are also likely to develop mental illness, and psychotropic drugs have anticholinergic adverse effects such as urinary disturbance. We aimed to elucidate the risk factors of asymptomatic pyuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We picked up outpatients with type 2 diabetes who visited the Department of Internal Medicine for the first time, from December 2010 to November 2012 for the treatment of diabetes and completed the questionnaire to obtain the medical history. We obtained clinical information from medical records and questionnaires. Urine leukocytes >= 10/high-power field was defined as pyuria. Comparisons such as pyuria group vs. non-pyuria group and non-mental illness group vs. mood disorder group vs. schizophrenia group were performed. Results: One hundred twenty-one patients were eligible. Sixty-nine were males, 52 were females, mean age was 63 years. There were 48 patients who had mental illness. The duration of diabetes was 5.1 years, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 8.5%. Prevalence of pyuria was 15.7%. Mean age in non-pyuria group was 62.8 years old, and 65.1 years old in pyuria group. Proportion of female (84%) in pyuria group was significantly higher than non-pyuria group. Patients with pyuria significantly more often had mental illness and psychotropic drugs prescription than patients without pyuria. Duration of diabetes in non-pyuria group was 5.3 years and that in pyuria group was 4.0 years. Coefficient of variations of R-R intervals (CVR-R) in electrocardiogram (ECG), an index of autonomic nervous dysfunction, was 3.2% in non-pyuria group and 1.8% in pyuria group. Pyuria group had significantly higher prevalence of autonomic nervous dysfunction. Coexistence of mental illness and lower CVR-R were associated with risk of pyuria in female diabetic patients. Conclusions: In addition to female sex, autonomic neuropathy and mental illness were significant risk factors for pyuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. To elucidate this association, further studies, preferably with larger numbers of subjects, will be needed. J Endocrinol Metab. 2019;9(6):193-198 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem629
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".