Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gun is an essential part of our images of pioneering and pioneer manliness. We picture the pioneer family surrounded by forest, its men and boys using guns for protection from threatening predators, for sport, and for hunting, as the family relied on an abundance of game to supplement its initially limited farm produce. On the other hand, descriptions of Upper Canadian militia musters and of the 1837 Rebellion suggest that many rural Upper Canadians had only limited experience in using guns or did not have usable firearms at all. Framed by these contrasting images, this paper seeks to read a sample of country store charge accounts of some ordinary Upper Canadian farmers and artisans (in Leeds and Peterborough counties) for indications of gun use. Based on the frequency and scale of purchases of gunpowder and shot, it seems that after the earliest years, the militia-based image is the more likely one. For many, perhaps most, rural Upper Canadians, firing a gun was an occasional more than a routine part of rural life. Among the reasons: a lack of time.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".