Ionospheric Sounding and Tomography Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Other Signals of Opportunity
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Numerical modeling has demonstrated that Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals can be used not only to estimate vertical total electron content (TEC) to supplement current TEC maps and data assimilation models but also to reconstruct two‐dimensional (2‐D) electron density maps of the ionosphere using computerized tomography. A ray tracing model was used to determine the characteristics of individual linearly polarized waves transmitted by ships to satellites in circular orbits at 780‐ and 1,000‐km altitude, including the wave path and the state of polarization at the satellite receiver. The modeled Faraday rotation was computed and used to calculate the TEC along the ray paths. The resulting TEC was used as input for computerized ionospheric tomography using the algebraic reconstruction technique. This study concentrated on reconstructing mesoscale structures 25–100 km in horizontal extent. The primary scientific interest of this study was to show that AIS signals can be used as a new source of input data for computerized ionospheric tomography to image the ionosphere and to obtain a better understanding of magneto‐ionic wave propagation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it