Seasonal Variation in the Internet Searches for Cancer Recurrence: An Infodemiological Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background While few clinical and epidemiological studies have assessed how seasonality affects cancer recurrence, it has not been studied with the utility of the internet data. In this study, we aim to test whether cancer recurrence presents seasonality on a population level, utilizing internet search query data. Methods This infodemiological study used Google Trends to find query data for the term “cancer recurrence” from January 01, 2004, to December 31, 2018 in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Australia. Time series seasonal decomposition and the cosinor analysis were used to analyze and describe the seasonal trends for cancer recurrence. Results A general upward trend in UK and northern hemisphere were observed. Statistically significant seasonal trends on “cancer recurrence” in the USA ( p =1.33×10 −5 ), the UK ( p =0.012), and northern hemisphere ( p =5.67×10 −7 ) were revealed by cosinor analysis, with a peak in early summer and nadir in early winter. Besides, a seasonal variation was also found in Australia ( p =2.3×10 −4 ), with a peak in late summer and nadir in late winter. Conclusions The evidence from internet search query data showed a seasonal variation in cancer recurrence, with a peak in early summer(northern hemisphere)/late summer(southern hemisphere). Besides, the relative search volume of “cancer recurrence” appeared a general upward trend in UK and northern hemisphere in recent years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".