Association of atopic dermatitis with vitiligo: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with multiple immune-mediated disorders. A comprehensive meta-analysis assessing the prevalence or risk of vitiligo in AD patients is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence and assess the risk of vitiligo in patients with AD by performing a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched until August 25, 2019, following the PRISMA guidelines. Published English-language articles including case-control, cross-sectional, or cohort studies that reported either odds or risk of vitiligo in AD patients were included. Full-text review and study assessment were performed by the two authors independently. Random-effects meta-analysis model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and risk ratio (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Seven studies with a total of 1 540 688 unique AD patients were included. The random-effects meta-analysis of case-control and cross-sectional studies showed a significant association of AD with vitiligo (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.90-5.43). Subgroup analyses also showed a significant association for both adult AD (OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.65-12.07) and childhood AD (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.53-5.25). Pooling of the results of 2 cohort studies showed an increased risk of vitiligo in patients with AD (RR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.27-2.13). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study support an association of AD with vitiligo. Exploration of possible mechanisms responsible for this association could be important to develop proper treatment approaches for the affected patients.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it