Potential use of thermal energy storage for shifting cooling and heating load to off‐peak load: A case study for residential building in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study presents an investigation of the potential use of thermal energy storage for shifting cooling and heating loads to off‐peak hours in order to balance the electricity production and demand periods. In Canada, the main energy source for cooling and heating applications is generally electricity. Therefore, cooling and heating devices have a great impact on the electricity peak load. In this study, it is considered that heating and cooling loads on the electricity peak load periods are shifted to off‐peak hours by thermal energy storage systems. At the end of this study, it is observed that the thermal energy storage has great potential for shifting electricity peak load depending on cooling and heating load to off‐peak periods. The electricity peak loads can be reduced by 25% and 45% by shifting heating and cooling loads to off‐peak hours and doing storage. Furthermore, the thermal energy storage systems can help reduce both cooling and heating costs in Canadian dwellings by 20% and 18%, respectively.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it