The value of iron: examples of commercial documents from medieval Sweden
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper deals with the preserved documentary sources providing us with information about the iron trade in medieval Sweden. Some basic facts and definitions will be presented and explained in a first part. After this, the commercial aspects of Swedish medieval iron production will be exemplified, especially by the charter material, but in addition to this, customs registers and some other sources will be used. At the centre of the investigation we find a group of typical charters from the 1360s and 1370s. The charters concern various sections of the iron trade and have been divided into separate categories. The paper also shows the national and international influence of the most important monastic institution in Sweden in the late Middle Ages, the Birgittines of Vadstena Abbey, with large economic interests in the growing iron trade. Cette contribution traite des sources documentaires informant sur le commerce du fer dans la Suède médiévale. La première partie présente des données factuelles et des définitions fondamentales. Puis les aspects commerciaux de la production médiévale de fer sont illustrés, en particulier à l’aide de chartes, auxquels on ajoute des registres de douane et d’autres types de sources. Au cœur de cette enquête, on trouve un corpus exemplaire de chartes datées des décennies 1360 et 1370. Elles concernent différentes étapes du commerce du fer et sont réparties en diverses catégories. L’article insiste par ailleurs sur le rôle national et international de la plus importante institution monastique de la Suède médiévale, les Brigittines de l’abbaye de Vadstena, qui possédaient d’importants intérêts économiques dans un commerce du fer alors en plein essor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".