Temperature: Implications for biology and control of stored-product insects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The insecticidal efficacy and persistence of Nigerian raw diatomaceous earth (DE) were evaluated in the laboratory on cowpea against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).The raw DE was applied to 1.5 kg lots of cowpea seeds at 0 (untreated control), 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg, and a commercial DE formulation (Protect-It ® ) applied at 1000 mg/kg was included in the test as positive (treated) control.The treated cowpea seeds were kept under ambient laboratory conditions (26 -34°C and 24 -93% RH.Bioassays were conducted on samples taken from each treatment at the day of storage and every 30 d for 6 consecutive months.Adult C. maculatus were exposed for 3 and 5 d to the samples and adult mortality was assessed over this exposure interval and progeny production and seed damage were assessed after additional 30 d.On freshly treated cowpea, both the raw DE and Protect-It ® were highly effective against C. maculatus causing 100% adult mortality following 5 d of exposure.In general, the raw DE was less persistent on cowpea providing complete adult mortality only for two months.Protect-It ® on the other hand was stable over the 6month period of storage causing 95.8 to 100% adult mortality.None of the treatments completely inhibited progeny production after 2-3-moths storage period.The results of this study indicated that Protect-It ® may provide suitable protection for 6 months against C. maculatus, but the raw DE in its present state is not suitable for long-term protection against this insect pest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".