Temperature: Implications for biology and control of stored-product insects
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insects are affected by temperature in all aspects of their biology, ecology, reproduction, behaviour, physiology and biochemistry (Fields, 1992;Beckett et al., 2007).Stored-product insects reproduce between 15 and 35 o C, with maximum reproduction occurring at approximately 33 o C. Above and below these temperatures insects can move, but cannot complete their development.Temperatures below 5 o C and above 40 o C insects cannot walk, and will eventually die.Between -15 and -25 o C insects freeze and die instantaneously.There are significant changes to these general patterns depending upon species, life stage and acclimation.For example, insects can become 10 times more resistant to cold if acclimated at cool temperatures (5-15 o C) before being exposed to sub-zero temperatures.Temperature also effects trapping (Fargo et al, 1989).The speed and direction of movement is affected by temperature (Flinn and Hagstrum, 1998).Insects move faster at higher temperatures, so that if the populations are the same, more insects will be trapped at higher temperatures.Insects will move towards warm temperatures, and avoid temperatures that are too hot.In general insecticides work better at higher temperatures (Kenaga, 1961;Iordanou and Watters, 1969; Fig. 1), but some insecticides have only a small increase in efficacy (methyl bromide), others have a large increase in efficacy (carbon tetracholoride), whereas others have a decrease in efficacy (pyrethrins) with higher temperatures.Contact insecticides degrade faster at higher temperatures (Desmarchelier, 1977).Given the many effects of temperature on every aspect of stored-product insects, researchers should carefully design experiments to avoid unseen effects by temperature, understand its effect on their area of study.Grain managers need also to be aware of the many ways, sometimes not obvious, that temperature can affect storage.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it