Assessing Energy Budget of Laboratory Fault Slip Using Rotary Shear Experiments and Micro‐Computed Tomography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Quantitative assessment of the energy budget of earthquake events is one of the key aspects for understanding the physics of earthquakes. Investigation of laboratory fault slips under controlled conditions can provide insights on this important aspect of the natural and induced earthquakes. We conducted a rotary shear experiment under X‐ray micro‐computed tomography, which allowed in situ and operando measurement of macroscopic stresses and imaging of the newly formed fractures inside the sample. We estimate each component of the energy budget and found that friction energy loss (EF), fracture energy (EG), and radiated energy (ER) account for 70.16%, 15.68%, and 14.15% of the total energy budget, respectively. Quantitative analysis of the micro‐computed tomography images indicates that the energy consumed by creating slip‐induced off‐fault fractures ( ) accounts for only 0.3% of the total energy, less than 2% of the total EG.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".