Parental Socialization of Emotion: Differences in Mothers of Children with and without Intellectual Disability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) present developmental deficits in socio-emotional competencies compared to same-aged children with typical development (TD). Parents play a crucial role in fostering the socio-emotional development of their children, yet, few studies have investigated the socialization of emotion by parents of children with ID. In the current study, 34 mothers of children with ID and those with children with TD (40) completed questionnaires and were compared on their socialization of emotion, and on their perceptions of their child’s socio-emotional competencies. No differences were found in the socialization of emotion between mothers of children with ID and those of children with TD; however mothers of children with ID were more likely to perceive their children as having fewer socio-emotional competences. Given these findings, programs designed to improve socio-emotional competences could benefit children with ID.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".