Compliance to Nigeria Broadcasting Code on Religious Programs: A Comparative Study of Borno Radio Television (BRTV) and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Maiduguri
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since 1992, when the broadcast industry was deregulated coupled with the issuing of broadcast licenses to individuals and groups, the Nigerian broadcast industry has seen a mushrooming growth of religious programs on radio and television. Borno Radio Television (BRTV) and the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) are two broadcast stations situated in Maiduguri, the capital of the Nigerian state of Borno where religion forms core part of the people’s culture. Islamic religious preaching forms a key part of the stations’ programs especially during the annual Ramadan fasting season. The broadcasting industry regulatory body in Nigeria, the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) stipulates that religious programs should not exceed a 10% of the total programs of a particular broadcast outlet. Observations have revealed that a large percentage of BRTV and NTA’s airtime is allocated to Islamic preaching during the 29- or 30-day Ramadan fasting period. However, is the airtime allocated to Islamic programs in those stations within the NBC 10% limits or not? To answer this research question, a comparative analysis was made of religious programs broadcast on the two broadcast outlets in the second quarter of 2019. The data were obtained using Key Informant Interviews with 5 personnel from BRTV, NTA and NBC in Maiduguri, and relevant official documents including the stations’ program schedules were reviewed. Key findings suggest that the airtime allocated to religious programs were more than the 10% limit while BRTV Maiduguri allocated more airtime to religious programs than NTA Maiduguri. Also, Islamic religious programs were allocated more airtime than programs of other religions. Keywords: Broadcasting, BRTV, Nigerian Broadcast Industry, NTA, Television, Religious Programs, NBC, Nigerian Broadcasting Code DOI : 10.7176/JPCR/47-01 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".