Photoresponsive Shape Memory Hydrogels for Complex Deformation and Solvent-Driven Actuation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new design for photoresponsive shape memory hydrogels and their possible applications are demonstrated in the present study. We show that the photodissociable Fe 3+ -carboxylate coordination can be utilized as a molecular switch to realize photocontrol of shape memory on both macroscopic and microscopic scales and enable a number of functions. Indeed, Fe 3+ -carboxylate coordination can fix a large tensile strain (up to 680%) of the sodium alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogel through cross-linking of sodium alginate chains, and subsequent UV irradiation allows strain energy release in spatially selected regions through reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ . By manipulating light irradiation, complex 3D structures are obtained from 2D hydrogel sheets, and they exhibit complex solvent-driven actuation behaviors due to a light-changeable modulus and cross-linking density in the hydrogel. Based on the same approach, micropatterns can be inscribed on the hydrogel surface using mask-assisted irradiation, and they exhibit chain orientation-mediated anisotropic topography change upon solvent exchange. Moreover, light-controlled strain energy release also enables changing hydrogel surface wettability by solvent replacement. The demonstrated mechanism for photoresponsive hydrogels is highly efficient and applicable to many systems, which offers new perspectives in developing hydrogels with multiple photoresponsive functions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".