CVT‐E002, a proprietary extract of North American ginseng, activates the vertebrate innate immune system to produce proinflammatory and anti‐viral factors via MyD88 signaling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extracts of North American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolium ) have been shown to have immunomodulatory effects consistent with activation of innate immune responses. Here, we investigated the ability of a patented extract of North American ginseng (CVT‐E002) to stimulate innate immune responses in murine and human monocytic cells and to inhibit virus replication in vitro. Treatment of murine and primary human monocytic cells with a range of doses (250–2000 μg/ml) of CVT‐E002 resulted in significantly elevated levels of IL‐6, interferon‐β and nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas untreated and control treated cultures were negative. CVT‐E002 treatment was also shown to significantly inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication in vitro. In order to determine whether the responses following CVT‐E002 treatment were dependent on myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) signaling, peritoneal macrophage cultures from wild‐type or MyD88 knockout (MyD88−/−) C57Bl/6 mice were treated with or without CVT‐E002. Production of both IL‐6 and IFN‐β following CVT‐E002 treatment was shown to be MyD88‐dependent. Our data demonstrate that CVT‐E002, a plant‐derived product, can activate the vertebrate innate immune system via MyD88 to produce inflammatory and anti‐viral factors and suggest that this plant product is signaling through Toll‐like receptors (TLRs).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".