Influence of Pairing Startling Acoustic Stimuli with Postural Responses Induced by Light Touch Displacement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The first exposure to an unexpected, rapid displacement of a light touch reference induces a balance reaction in naïve participants, whereas an arm-tracking behaviour emerges with subsequent exposures. The sudden behaviour change suggests the first trial balance reaction arises from the startling nature of the unexpected stimulus. We investigated how touch-induced balance reactions interact with startling acoustic stimuli. Responses to light touch displacements were tested in 48 participants across six distinct combinations of touch displacement (DISPLACEMENT), acoustic startle (STARTLE), or combined (COMBINED) stimuli. The effect of COMBINED depended, in part, on the history of the preceding stimuli. Participants who received 10 DISPLACEMENT initially, produced facilitated arm-tracking responses with subsequent COMBINED. Participants who received 10 COMBINED initially, produced facilitated balance reactions, with arm-tracking failing to emerge until the acoustic stimuli were discontinued. Participants who received five DISPLACEMENT, after initially habituating to 10 STARTLE, demonstrated re-emergence of the balance reaction with the subsequent COMBINED. Responses evoked by light touch displacements are influenced by the startling nature of the stimulus, suggesting that the selection of a balance reaction to a threatening stimulus is labile and dependent, in part, on the context and sensory state at the time of the disturbance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".