Technical feasibility and economical viability of remote hybrid power systems in Northern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As of 1996 there were 302 remote communities with a total population of 205,041 in \nCanada. These communities are not connected to the Bulk Electric System (BES) \nand as such are responsible for maintaining their own power systems to meet their \nenergy requirements. As of 2010, 43 of the 302 remote communities were located \nin the province of Ontario. These remote communities are primarily powered with \ndiesel generators which are a proven technology that are not limited by external environmental \nconstraints. However this begets a dependency upon hydrocarbon based \nfuels which are: costly to purchase and transport, subject to volatility in the market, \nand diminishing in supply. These trends indicate that fuel prices will continue to \nescalate. Due to the relative isolation and cost of expanding the BES it is assumed \nthat these communities will continue to operate as remote power systems for the foreseeable \nfuture. As such, this thesis focuses on increasing self-sufficiency within these \ncommunities to positively impact community welfare and the Canadian presence in \nthe North. This is achieved through a technical feasibility and economical viability \nanalysis of the application of remote hybrid power systems in Northern Ontario. \nTo facilitate this research a model of a typical remote power system, located within \nNorthern Ontario, is developed. This model may be employed for multitudinous tasks \nincluding the technical feasibility and economical viability analysis of this thesis. \nUsing this model a base case representing the existing diesel based generation is \nperformed. The technologies investigated for hybrid system implementation include: \nmethods of energy storage, solar energy conversion systems, wind energy conversion \nsystems, and fuel cells. The proposed hybrid power systems are compared to the \nbase case to determine their relative viability. The investigated technologies are also \nanalyzed to determine their technical feasibility in the North. This investigation was \ncompleted to aid with: the reduction of fossil fuel dependencies and of the net cost \nof power generation, the creation of localized employment opportunities, and the \npromotion of better planning and infrastructure development to increase community \nself sufficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".