Air Pollution, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Function of Patients With Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillators: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Indoor Versus Outdoor Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients exercising indoors on higher air pollution (AP) days had reduced adverse cardiovascular effects compared with those exercising outdoors. METHODS: Eighteen participants were randomly divided into control or intervention groups. Blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), and oxygen saturation (O2SAT) were measured daily before and after participants walked outdoors for 30 minutes. On days with higher forecast AP the intervention group exercised indoors. RESULTS: AP was significantly associated with increased BP and PR, and reduced O2SAT. After adjustment for exercise levels, AP was associated with increased diastolic BP and PR in controls only. Significant improvements in cardiovascular measures over time were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION: In ICD patients, reducing AP exposure may reduce adverse cardiovascular effects, while daily mild exercise may benefit cardiovascular function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".