Durable Concrete Design Guidelines for Bangladesh Using Chloride Mapping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sustainability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in chloride laden environment relies on its durability and therefore is a global concern because it threatens natural resources, economic growth, and human safety. Durability requirements in existing international standards from the USA, Australia, Canada, Europe, and India have been studied and compared with latest draft (in 2015) of Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC). Majority of international codes recommended to control i) cement content, ii) water-binder ratio, iii) concrete grade, and iv) cover to rebar, based on exposure environmental conditions of the concrete structure. It was found that durability requirements in Draft BNBC specifying five exposure classifications viz. mild, moderate, severe, very severe, and extreme, certainly requires improvement to address appropriate deterioration mechanisms considering local atmospheric conditions. Published research results and obtained chloride concentration data form this study was used to drive empirical equations to estimate chloride penetration depths and corrosion initiations in RC structure by airborne chloride and that in seawater (submerged, tidal, and splash zones) for the coastal area of Bangladesh. Relationship between critical chloride contents (2% and 0.4% by weight of cement for submerged zone and tidal and splash zone respectively), depth, and exposure period has been used. The outcomes have been utilized to produce a chloride concentration map for Bangladesh classifying severity of the zones with the aid of geographical information system (GIS). A new exposure conditions along with limiting concrete properties based on this in line with the international codes has been proposed for BNBC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".