Hysteresis Behavior of Pre-Strained Shape Memory Alloy Wires Subject to Cyclic Loadings: An Experimental Investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of smart materials with the ability to recover their initial shape after releasing the applied load and experiencing a relatively large amount of strain. However, sequential loading and unloading which is an unavoidable issue in many applications significantly reduces the strain recovery of SMA wires. In the present work, experimental tests have been performed to study the pre-strain effect of SMA wires on hysteresis behavior of SMA under cyclic loadings. The effects of cyclic loading on austenite and martensite properties have been investigated. SMA wires with diameter of 1.5 mm and length of 560 mm subjected to about 1000 cycles show about 3 mm residual deformation, which is approximately equal to 0.5% residual strain. It is observed that applying 1.7% pre-strain on the SMA wire fully eliminates the residual strain due to cyclic loading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".