New Deep Burial Testing Facility at Queen’s University
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory testing to evaluate buried pipe systems under deep burial is needed to evaluate the response of a variety of culvert and sewer pipe products for a range of deterioration conditions and backfill soils. The cost and the time associated with experiments on highway and sewer structures in the field are significant. Until recently no facilities have existed to evaluate larger diameter pipes, to test pipes in saturated ground, or to allow the behavior of pipe joints at deep burial to be investigated. A new deep burial testing facility that is 3 m wide, 5 m long, and 4.6 m deep has been constructed at Queen's University to permit deep burial testing on pipes with diameters up to 3.05 m. The test pit is sealed, so that deep burial experiments can be conducted in saturated ground, permitting seminal studies of soil erosion caused by groundwater flow into the leaking joints of sewer pipes or perforations in deteriorated culverts. Selected results from a commissioning test on a 3.05 m diameter steel reinforced polyethylene pipe are provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".