A Flexible Printed Chipless RFID Tag for Concentration Measurements of Liquid Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A fully inkjet-printed flexible chipless RFID tag is presented in this paper. It is based on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) coupled to a multiresonator circuit to encode the information in the frequency domain. Two cross-polarized ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas connected to the CPW receive and transmit the signals. Three spiral resonators are used to encode a 3-bit signature. The RFID tag is applied for the wireless concentration measurements of liquid solutions by characterizing the insertion loss response. Water/isopropyl alcohol solutions with different concentrations are measured wirelessly by the tag. A capillary tube is placed on one of the resonators to allow the interaction between the sensor and the solutions. By observations of the measurements, different parameters are used to quantify the sensitivity. The change of the insertion loss at the resonant frequency |ΔS21| and the shift of resonant frequency |Δfres| are used to analyze the water/isopropyl alcohol samples. A |ΔS21| = 0.3dB/(20 vol%) and |Δfres| = 30 MHz/(20 vol%) have been achieved by the sensor in the concentration range of [20, 80] vol% and [40, 99] vol%, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".