A Flexible Printed Chipless RFID Tag for Concentration Measurements of Liquid Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A fully inkjet-printed flexible chipless RFID tag is presented in this paper. It is based on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) coupled to a multiresonator circuit to encode the information in the frequency domain. Two cross-polarized ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas connected to the CPW receive and transmit the signals. Three spiral resonators are used to encode a 3-bit signature. The RFID tag is applied for the wireless concentration measurements of liquid solutions by characterizing the insertion loss response. Water/isopropyl alcohol solutions with different concentrations are measured wirelessly by the tag. A capillary tube is placed on one of the resonators to allow the interaction between the sensor and the solutions. By observations of the measurements, different parameters are used to quantify the sensitivity. The change of the insertion loss at the resonant frequency |ΔS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> | and the shift of resonant frequency |Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">res</sub> | are used to analyze the water/isopropyl alcohol samples. A |ΔS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> | = 0.3dB/(20 vol%) and |Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">res</sub> | = 30 MHz/(20 vol%) have been achieved by the sensor in the concentration range of [20, 80] vol% and [40, 99] vol%, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".