Intensive pulsed light sintered flexible conductive hybrid ink in 3D printed polymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The deposition of electrically conductive electrodes and circuits onto polymeric materials is essential for embedded sensors and circuits. A hybrid copper ink consisting of graphene nanoplatelets and silver-coated copper nanopowders are developed for oxidation resistance and increased flexibility. To prevent thermal damages to polymeric substrates, we used an intensive pulsed light (IPL) to sinter the hybrid ink. The IPL process is analyzed to determine thermal characteristics during the sintering of hybrid inks and to correlate IPL irradiance power to sintering depth and resulting resistivity within the hybrid ink film. The benefit of adding graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) into the hybrid ink is also demonstrated in improved flexibility and durability in the bending tests. A process called selective IPL sintering is also utilized to micropattern the hybrid ink films into useful conductive patterns. The proposed method is demonstrated in an additive process where we embedded a strain sensor within a functional 3D printed polymer structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".