Long-term trend of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) from ground-based high resolution infrared solar spectra recorded at the Jungfraujoch
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The long-term trend of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has been retrieved from infrared high resolution solar absorption spectra encompassing the 1999 to 2010 time period. The measurements were recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer at the northern mid-latitude, high altitude Jungfraujoch station in Switzerland (46.5°N latitude, 8.0°E longitude, 3580 m altitude). Total columns were derived from the region of the strong CCl4 _3 band at 794 cm1 accounting for all interfering molecules (e.g. H2O, O3) with significant improvement in the residuals obtained by also taking into account the line mixing in a nearby CO2 Q branch, a procedure not implemented in previous remote sensing CCl4 retrievals though its importance has been noted in several papers. The time series shows a statistically-significant long-term decrease in the CCl4 total atmospheric burden of -1.18_0.10 %/yr, at the 95% confidence level, using 2005 as reference. Furthermore, fit to the total column data set also reveals a seasonal cycle with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 10.2%, with minimum and maximum values found in mid-February and early August, respectively. This seasonal modulation can however be attributed to tropopause height changes throughout the season. The results quantify the continued impact of the regulations implemented by the Montreal Protocol and its strengthening amendments and adjustments for a molecule with high global warming potential. Although a statistically significant decrease in the total column is inferred, the CCl4 molecule remains an important contributor to the stratospheric chlorine budget and burden.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".