Benign spasms of infancy: a mimicker of infantile epileptic disorders*
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Benign spasms of infancy (BSI), previously described as benign non-epileptic infantile spasms or benign myoclonus of early infancy, are non-epileptic movements manifesting during the first year of life and spontaneously resolving in the second year of life. BSI are characterized by spasms typically lasting 1-2 seconds, involving, to varying degrees, the head, neck, trunk, shoulders and upper extremities. Ictal and interictal EEG recordings are normal. BSI are not associated with developmental regression and do not require treatment. Distinction between BSI and infantile epileptic disorders, such as epileptic spasms or myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, can be challenging given the clinical similarities. Moreover, interictal EEGs can be normal in all conditions. Epileptic spasms and myoclonic epilepsy require timely treatment to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. We describe a six-month-old infant presenting with spasm-like movements. His paroxysms as well as a positive family history for epileptic spasms were in keeping with a likely diagnosis of West syndrome. Surprisingly, ictal video-EEG did not reveal epileptiform activity, and suggested a diagnosis of BSI. We emphasize that ictal video-EEG is the gold standard for classification of infantile paroxysms as epileptic or non-epileptic, thereby avoiding over-treatment for BSI and facilitating timely targeted treatment of infantile epilepsies. [Published with video sequences].
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it