An Investigation on the Effect of Bidirectional Seismic Loading on Volumetric Strain and Surface Settlement of Sand Deposits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Frequency content, duration, and intensity are earthquake characteristics that are commonly considered when conducting seismic site response analysis. However, one important feature generally neglected is its multidirectional nature. Although several recent experimental and numerical evidences have shown detrimental effects of multidirectional shaking, it is still unclear how these effects should be properly addressed in practice. Presented in this paper is the effect of bidirectional shearing in the seismic site response analysis of a dry medium dense coarse-grained soil with suite of input motions involving crustal, sub-crustal, and subduction earthquakes. The analyses for each pair of earthquake motions are carried out subsequently for unidirectional shearing with only one horizontal component and for bidirectional shearing with two orthogonal horizontal components. A three-dimensional finite difference framework in conjunction with an anisotropic bounding surface plasticity model formulated in multiaxial stress space was used for this study. Changes on surface arias intensity and volumetric strain obtained from the analyses with unidirectional and bidirectional input are closely evaluated to develop an insight on the bidirectional shearing effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".