An introduction to a Virtual Issue on Wood Biology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An introduction to a Virtual Issue on Wood BiologyThis Virtual Issue 'The biology of wood', highlights the central role of wood biology in basic plant science, as well as critical ecological, environmental, economic and societal issues.Wood, or secondary xylem, is produced by the vascular cambium and plays myriad interacting roles in plant development, physiology and biochemistry.Wood is not simply the terminal product of secondary cell wall development in specialized cells, but is the tissue which enables water conduction and provides structural support for the production of complex plant bodies including massive forest trees.Additionally, woody tissues participate in specialized biochemistry, and store and mobilize nutrients and carbohydrates, in addition to the water vital to survival.Recent research on wood biology has been driven, in part, by the economic value of wood for forest industries and, more recently, bioenergy applications.However, the increasing pressure on forests by anthropogenic climate change and its related episodic heat and drought is driving a need to understand how water transport in tree stems relates to water stress.The papers in this collection are associated with a New Phytologist symposium 'The biology of wood: from cell to trees' that was held in Lake Tahoe, California, in July 2018 (42 nd New Phytologist Symposium https://www.newphytologist.org/symposia/42).The symposium stressed a need for integrative research that addresses how development, cell differentiation, genetics, physiology, and evolution intersect and contribute to the requirements of a comprehensive understanding of wood biology (Mizrachi, 2019).A fascinating aspect of wood biology is the dynamic interplay among environmental cues, development, and physiology.For example, wood development is highly responsive to environmental conditionsas illustrated in angiosperm trees that modify wood development in response to water stressto create newly formed wood that is more resistant to water stress-induced cavitation and mortality (Rodriguez-Zaccaro & Groover, 2019).Elucidating how environmental signals are perceived and translated into changes in development, and how these changes in development interplay with system-level tree physiology, are current examples of critical research areas that require cross-disciplinary approaches which have historically been underrepresented in this field.As outlined below, the papers within this collection illustrate the growing integration of wood biology research across disciplines, and highlight opportunities for new research that will undoubtedly provide new insights and applications for practical issues including forest utilization and responses to climate change, as well as basic insights into the evolution, development, and physiology of forest trees.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.168 | 0.095 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".