Mordenite‐Type Zeolite from Waste Coal Fly Ash: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application as a Sorbent in Metal Ions Removal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Coal fly ash is a waste, obtained from the combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Fly ash is harmful and its disposal is the major issue from an environmental point of view. As fly ash contains silica and alumina, it is thought of interest to use it for the synthesis of porous material like zeolite. In this work, the focus is on the utilization of fly ash for the synthesis of Mordenite type zeolite and its application in the toxic metals removal from aqueous solution. Coal fly ash based Mordenite type zeolite (FZS H ) was synthesized by seed assisted hydrothermal synthetic method using fly ash as a source of silica and alumina instead of using pure silica and alumina. The resultant material was characterized by various techniques, such as SEM‐EDX, XRD, TGA, FT‐IR, solid state NMR, BET surface area, etc. The XRD patterns confirm the presence of Mordenite phase in the FZS H zeolite. The sorption behavior of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ towards commercial Mordenite and FZS H Mordenite type zeolite is investigated and compared. Percentage uptake obtained using FZS H and commercial Mordenite zeolite sorbent was found quite similar. The kinetic and thermodynamic studies reveal the favourable and spontaneous nature of the sorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".