Duration in captivity affects competitive ability and breeding success of male but not female steelhead trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Female steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared for 1 year (traditional, “S1”) and 2 years (experimental, “S2”) in captivity in the Methow River Basin, Washington, produced very similar numbers of offspring in replicate spawning channels over 3 consecutive years. In contrast, S1 anadromous males outcompeted S2 males for access to nesting females and, as a result, produced significantly more offspring. Male dominance was positively associated with body mass, but body mass did not account for differences between S1 and S2 males. Much smaller precocious S2 males that matured during rearing in hatchery raceways sired offspring in all six breeding groups. Contributions from precocious males were nearly always the result of sneak spawning events, although on rare occasions, precocious males were able to stimulate females to spawn in the absence of an anadromous male. Similarities in female breeding success suggest that S1 and S2 hatchery steelhead should exhibit similar productivity under natural conditions, but S1 male steelhead may result in greater rates of gene flow from hatchery to natural populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".