From Risorgimento and Reform to Wesley and Revival: Methodist Strategies in Post-Unitary Italy, 1861–1890
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The first officially appointed Methodist missionaries arrived in Italy in the context of Risorgimento's completion, from 1861. Their strategies developed from the attempt to support the cause for a unified Italian Protestant Church to the ‘denominational turn’, which resulted in the establishment of two Italian Methodist Churches. Publications played a pivotal role: both the Wesleyans and the Episcopal Methodists spread information about Methodist history and doctrines through specific books, translations of John Wesley's works, the Doctrines and Discipline, and magazines. Contrary to what has often been argued, nineteenth-century Italian Methodism—far from dealing just with practical issues and social work—had a significant interest for Wesley's theology and the Evangelical Revival.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.062 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".