Addressing the global cirrhosis epidemic: one size will not fit all
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a global health concern, as the 11th most common cause of mortality worldwide that accounts for 2% of deaths annually. 1 WHOGlobal Health estimates 2016: disease burden by cause, age, sex, by country and by region. https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index1.htmlDate: 2000–2016 Date accessed: October 21, 2019 Google Scholar The causes of cirrhosis are largely secondary to public health and lifestyle-related exposures, including hepatitis B and C, alcohol-related liver disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Therefore, cirrhosis epidemiology could be influenced by interventions targeted at reducing these conditions. Over the past several decades, regional and international efforts to mitigate cirrhosis risk factors have been developed, including WHO resolutions to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030, reduce harmful alcohol consumption, and tackle the obesity epidemic by promoting physical activity and a healthy diet. To assess the efficacy of these efforts on cirrhosis disease burden and to inform future health policy initiatives, the availability of contemporary epidemiological data is paramount, especially data that are stratified by cirrhosis cause and region. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017Cirrhosis imposes a substantial health burden on many countries and this burden has increased at the global level since 1990, partly due to population growth and ageing. Although the age-standardised death and DALY rates of cirrhosis decreased from 1990 to 2017, numbers of deaths and DALYs and the proportion of all global deaths due to cirrhosis increased. Despite the availability of effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B and C, they were still the main causes of cirrhosis burden worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.036 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.014 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".