Morphological features and pathogenicity of mutated canine influenza viruses from China and South Korea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The canine influenza virus (CIV) has spread globally from East Asia to the United States and mutated and evolved to generate various CIVs. Since 2010, the mutant CIVs found in China and Korea have presented increased virulence in mice, guinea pigs and ferrets, which has raised concerns about public health and outbreak of a severe canine flu. We analysed and compared the morphology, cellular uptake and pathogenicity of CIV variants in host animals, to determine their characteristics. The Chinese mutant, A/canine/Jiangsu/06/2010[H3N2](JS10), has two amino acid insertions at the distal end of the NA stalk, and A/canine/Korea/01/2007[H3N2](KR07) presented comparable efficiency of cell uptake and a similar morphology to spherical or small ovoid particles. However, KR07M generated from swapping of M segment of the pandemic isolate, A/California/04/2009 [H1N1] (CA04) into KR07 alone accounted for morphologic change and higher efficiency of cell uptake to the wild-type CIV. This study will provide an insight into the pathogenesis, transmission and evolution of CIVs and help determine future countermeasures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".