Correlation Between Serum IGF-1 Levels and CVM Stages for the Assessment of Skeletal Maturity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The major disadvantage in cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) is the involvement of radiographic exposure. This study was undertaken to assess the applicability of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) blood level as a maturation indicator by correlating it to the CVMS. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at orthodontic department of our institute. With 80% power of study, 5% desired level of significance and using 0.67 correlation value, a sample size of 75 was calculated. There are five stages of CVMS and in each CVM stage 15 subjects were allocated, therefore collective sample size was 75. The technique of sampling was purposive (non-probability) sampling. Out of 75 patients, 47 (62.7%) were males and 28 (37.3%) were females. The mean ages of the patients were 12.5 2.6 years. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to evaluate the blood serum IGF-1 levels among five stages of CVMS. RESULTS: There was a statistically considerable difference in mean IGF-1 among five stages of CVM. The mean IGF-1 (ng/ml) of CVMS 1 was 204.9 21.1, mean IGF-1 of CVMS II was 272.5 39.5, mean IGF-1 of CVMS III was 343.1 38.6, mean IGF-1 of CVMS IV was 287.7 22.3 and mean IGF-1 of CVMS V was 171.5 24.5. The highest mean values were observed in stage III followed by stage IV, II, I and V. IGF-1 levels were maximum in females at CVM stage 3 and were maximum in male at CVM 4. CONCLUSION: IGF-1 levels at the pubertal stage were significantly higher than the pre-pubertal and post-pubertal stages. IGF-1 levels might prove to be a valuable skeletal maturity indicator.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".