A US and EU Comparison on Securing Critical Infrastructure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kevin McGrath Abstract This thesis looks to assess the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in building critical energy infrastructure, and its implications for energy and national security. The clear majority of academic literature in energy security focuses exclusively on energy supply, and demand, but there is little written on the security issues facing countries when financing critical energy infrastructure projects. Through assessing the (1) recent history of privatization, (2) the development of the domestic PPP model, and (3) current relationships with PPPs in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France this thesis will look to identify the underlying domestic cultural normative debate which is driving policy making decisions. By understanding the general historical trends of privatization, and economic ideologies in governments over the past 40+ years, we can see the current and future trends in building critical energy infrastructure. By understanding the constantly evolving factors, and interdependencies at play, this thesis highlights the role of public-private partnerships in critical energy infrastructure, and energy security in general.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".