Hierarchal Clusters Based Traffic Control System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traffic jam is a crucial issue affecting cities around the world. They are only getting worse as the population and number of vehicles continues to increase significantly. Traffic signal controllers are considered as the most important mechanism to control the traffic, specifically at intersections, the field of Machine Learning offers more advanced techniques which can be applied to provide more flexibility and make the controllers more adaptive to the traffic state. Efficient and adaptive traffic controllers can be designed using a multi-agent reinforcement learning approach, in which, each controller is considered as an agent and is responsible for controlling traffic lights around a single junction. A major problem of reinforcement learning approach is the need for coordination between agents and exponential growth in the state-action space. This paper proposes using machine learning clustering algorithm, namely, hierarchal clustering, in order to divide the targeted network into smaller sub-networks, using real traffic data of 65 intersection of the city of Ottawa to build our simulations, the paper shows that applying the proposed methodology helped solving the curse of dimensionality problem and improved the overall network performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".