Host Fish Associations for Two Highly Imperiled Mussel Species from the Southwestern United States: Cyclonaias necki (Guadalupe Orb) and Fusconaia mitchelli (False Spike)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most freshwater mussels (Unionidae) require a specific host fish to advance their life cycle. Currently, hosts are known for only one-third of the mussel species endemic to the United States and Canada. Texas boasts the greatest diversity of freshwater mussels in the southwestern United States. However, information on mussel-host relationships for ∼52 species known to occur within the state is either lacking or incomplete, including two species, Cyclonaias necki (Guadalupe Orb) and Fusconaia mitchelli (False Spike), currently under review for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. To address this deficiency, we conducted laboratory trials that tested 12 fish species (four families and 11 genera) for C. necki and eight species (four families and seven genera) for F. mitchelli. For C. necki, we identified four host species, Ictalurus punctatus (Channel Catfish), Pylodictis olivarus (Flathead Catfish), Noturus gyrinus (Tadpole Madtom), and Ameiurus natalis (Yellow Bullhead). The transformation period was 11 to 22 d for I. punctatus (peak metamorphosis at 15 d), 16 d for P. olivaris and A. natalis, and 10 d for N. gyrinus. For F. mitchelli, we identified two host species, Cyprinella lutrensis (Red Shiner) and Cyprinella venusta (Blacktail Shiner); for both, the transformation period was 18 d. Current information on the status of these six host species within the Guadalupe River suggests that imperilment of C. necki and F. mitchelli may be partly related to the status of their host fishes. Our results also provide critical information for informing recovery activities, such as translocation and captive propagation, if deemed necessary for one or both mussel species.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".