Post-Akkadian and Ur III Features on Cylinder Seals from Kültepe-Kanesh: An Iconographic and Stylistic Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cylinder seals uncovered at Kültepe-Kanesh, which date to the last quarter of the Early Bronze Age, are completely foreign to Anatolian sealing practices in terms of both their form and the style of depiction they utilize.These foreign characteristics point to a new and important aspect of the cross-border relations of Anatolia.Cylinder seals, which are known to have been used for the first time in the Uruk period from the second half of the 4 th millennium BC in the Near East, represent a lesser known type for Anatolian geography in the 3 rd millennium BC.Examples of cylinder seals dating to the 3 rd millennium BC apart from Kültepe are known from the excavations of Troy, Alişar, Gordion, and Seyitömer in the northern part of the Taurus Mountains and the inner and western parts of Anatolia.The Kültepe cylinder seals not only contribute to our knowledge about the extent of cylinder seal usage in Anatolia in the 3 rd millennium BC, but also add a new dimension to Anatolian sealing practices via the stylistic features of their compositions and the descriptions on them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".