A Shapiro delay detection in the pulsar binary system PSR J1811–2405
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper presents the first detection of Shapiro delay from the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1811–2405. We report a 11σ measurement of the orthometric amplitude, h3 = 6.8(6) × 10−7, and a 16σ measurement of the orthometric ratio, ς = 0.81(5). Given the relatively high orbital inclination, i = 79(2)°, of this binary system, we obtain constraints on the companion mass of $m_{\rm {c}}=0.31^{+0.08 }_{ -0.06}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The pulsar mass is currently less well constrained, with a value of $2.0^{+0.8 }_{ -0.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The companion mass and the orbital period are in agreement with the prediction made by previous numerical calculations of the evolution of compact binary systems. From a study of the polarization, we find that the orbital inclination angle is ∼100° and that PSR J1811–2405 is an orthogonal rotator. In addition, the μs-level timing precision together with its narrow profile makes PSR J1811–2405 a good candidate for inclusion in the pulsar timing arrays being used to detect nHz gravitational waves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".