Behavior of Solid Electrolyte in Li-Polymer Battery with NMC Cathode via in-Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the first results of in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of an all-solid Li battery with a nickel–manganese–cobalt–oxide (NMC-622) cathode at 50 °C and an operating voltage of 2.7–4.3 V. Experiments were conducted under a constant current at several C rates (nC rate: cycling in 1/n h): C/12, C/6, and C/3. The microstructure evolution during cycling was monitored by continuous secondary electron imaging. We found that the chemical degradation of the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) was the main mechanism for battery failure. This degradation was observed in the form of a gradual thinning of the SPE as a function of cycling time, resulting in gas generation from the cell. We also present various dynamic electrochemical and mechanical phenomena, as observed by SEM images, and compare the performance of this battery with that of an all-solid Li battery with a LiFePO4 cathode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".