Patterns of territorial space use by Shining Sunbeams ( <i>Aglaeactis cupripennis</i> ), tropical montane hummingbirds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For many territorial hummingbirds, habitat use is influenced primarily by the interaction between resource acquisition and non-foraging behaviors such as territory advertisement and defense. Previous research has highlighted the importance of foraging-associated habitat features like resource density and distribution in determining the space-use patterns of hummingbirds. Less is known, however, about how habitat selection associated with non-foraging behaviors influences space use by territorial species. We used radio telemetry to examine patterns of territorial space use by Shining Sunbeams (Aglaeactis cupripennis) in high Andean montane forests near Manu National Park, Peru, and Bosque Comunal “El Carmen” near Chordeleg, Ecuador. We quantified within-territory habitat characteristics related to resource acquisition and non-foraging behaviors such as territory advertisement and defense. We found that Shining Sunbeams showed high use of core areas in territories where foraging effort was relatively low. We found no relationship, however, between the position of core areas and habitat characteristics associated with territory defense, predator avoidance, or other non-foraging behaviors. We also found no relationship between use of non-core areas and habitat use based on resource acquisition. Thus, patterns of territorial space use by Shining Sunbeams may be characterized by core areas not determined by foraging behavior. Further studies examining territorial behaviors and the influence of intrusion pressure will help identify the underlying determinants of territory space use by this and other species of Andean hummingbirds. Patrones de uso del espacio territorial por el Colibrí cobrizo (Aglaeactis cupripennis), colibrí montano tropical Para muchos colibríes territoriales, el uso del hábitat está influenciado principalmente por la interacción entre la adquisición de recursos y los comportamientos no forrajeros, como el anuncio y la defensa territorial. Investigaciones previas han resaltado la importancia de las características del hábitat asociadas con el forrajeo, como la densidad y la distribución de los recursos para determinar los patrones de uso del espacio de los colibríes. Sin embargo, se sabe menos acerca de cómo la selección del hábitat asociada con los comportamientos de no alimentación influye en el uso del espacio por parte de las especies territoriales. Utilizamos la radiotelemetría para examinar los patrones de uso del espacio territorial por el Colibrí cobrizo (Aglaeactis cupripennis) en los bosques montañosos altoandinos cerca del Parque Nacional Manu, Perú, y el Bosque Comunal "El Carmen" cerca de Chordeleg, Ecuador. Cuantificamos las características del hábitat dentro del territorio relacionadas con la adquisición de recursos y los comportamientos no forrajeros, como el anuncio y defensa territorial. Descubrimos que el Colibrí cobrizo mostraba un alto uso de áreas centrales en territorios donde el esfuerzo de búsqueda de alimento era relativamente bajo. Sin embargo, no encontramos relación entre la posición de las áreas centrales y las características del hábitat asociadas con la defensa del territorio, la evitación de depredadores u otros comportamientos que no son de forrajeo. Tampoco encontramos relación entre el uso de áreas no centrales y el uso del hábitat basado en la adquisición de recursos. Por lo tanto, los patrones de uso del espacio territorial por el Colibrí cobrizo puede caracterizarse por áreas centrales no determinadas por el comportamiento de búsqueda de alimento. Otros estudios que examinen los comportamientos territoriales y la influencia de la presión de intrusión ayudarán a identificar los determinantes subyacentes del uso del espacio territorial por esta y otras especies de colibríes andinos. Table S1. Summary of kernel density estimated areas, parameters, and the position of the core area for hummingbird territories 1-19. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".