Review Clogging Behavior by the Modified Gradient Ratio Test Device with Implanted Piezometers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A modified implanted Gradient Ratio (GR) test system was proposed in the study. In comparison with the conventional GR test device, all the piezometers are implanted into the soil specimen, and an additional piezometer is installed at soilgeotextile interface, in order to precisely measure the pore pressure variation of the soil-geotextile system. By using the modified GR test apparatus, 120 tests were conducted to study the clogging behavior of soil-geotextile system. Four types of needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles and five gap-graded soil mixtures were used in the program. These soils are the mixture of the Ottawa sand and various percentages of weathered mudstone. Three hydraulic gradients were used in the GR tests. The results of the study indicated that the modified implanted GR test system is able to provide pore pressure head measurement within the test specimen. In general, GR values obtained from the implanted GR test system are greater than those obtained from the conventional GR tests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".