Impact of TiO <sub>2</sub> layer formed on Cu <sub>x</sub> S Films on the Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solar radiation is the main source of renewable energy capable of satisfying the increasing energy demand without contributing to climate changes using fossil fuels. Energy harvesting from solar radiation requires innovation in materials with appropriate functional properties to produce chemical energy. This study aims to contribute in that sense. It reports the synthesis and characterization of photocathodes for hydrogen evolution based on TiO 2 /Cu x S films formed on FTO glass. Cu x S is prepared by electrodeposition of copper, followed by chalcogenide formation through immersion in a sulfide source solution and then modified by heat treatment. A TiO 2 layer is deposited on Cu x S film to favor its stability and charge carrier separation process. The calcination of bare Cu x S film causes the formation of a mixture of copper oxides. TiO 2 film acts as an effective protector, preserving a larger proportion of Cu chalcogenide species by preventing the complete oxidation, without considerably varying the reducing power of photogenerated electrons in the films. TiO 2 layer favors the absorption of low energy photons and increases the photocurrent, diminishing electron-hole recombination probability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".