Charge Transfer in Nanowire-Embedded PEDOT:PSS and Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hybrid metallic nanowire-embedded, highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with synergetic properties is indispensable for enhancing the performances of conductive polymer-based electronic devices. Here, we report embedment of silver nanowires (AgNWs), with diameter ∼100 nm and a high concentration (500 mg/mL) of nanowires dispersed in either ethanol or isopropanol, in PEDOT:PSS and compare the effects of the nanowire-dispersing solvents as well as its thicker diameter and high concentration on the overall properties and particularly its charge transfer characteristics and planar heterojunction solar cell (HSC) properties. Furthermore, electrostatic force microscopy is applied to elucidate the direct charge transfer from AgNWs to the PEDOT:PSS matrix. The AgNW-embedded PEDOT:PSS-based planar HSCs show a very high open-circuit voltage of over 638 mV and a high power conversion efficiency greater than 15.3% and without any significant influence from the AgNW dispersing solvents. While charge transfer in PEDOT:PSS without AgNWs occurs through the conducting PEDOT grains, enhanced charge transfer is realized in AgNW-embedded PEDOT:PSS with charge transport from PEDOT grains to AgNWs and then to PEDOT grains before reaching the top electrode in the HSC. The AgNW-embedded PEDOT:PSS hybrid materials pave a simple way to enhance the charge transfer performance in not only HSCs but also other hybrid or heterojunction electronics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".